{"id":38938,"date":"2025-10-22T23:49:33","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T20:19:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.etehad-k.com\/farsi\/?p=38938"},"modified":"2025-10-22T23:51:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T20:21:10","slug":"%da%af%d9%81%d8%aa%da%af%d9%88-%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b1%da%a9%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.etehad-k.com\/farsi\/?p=38938","title":{"rendered":"\u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u00ab\u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u00bb \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0628\u06a9\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 &#8211;\u00a0xwebun"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u00ab\u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u00bb \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/strong> <strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0628\u06a9\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/xwebun2.org\/\"><strong>xwebun<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0130ran rej\u00eem\u00ee neden \u00eensanlar\u0131 idam ediyor. \u0130damlar neyi edle ediyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve derin bir soru, te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim bunu sordu\u011fun i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130ran\u2019daki idamlar, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda, sadece \u201csu\u00e7 cezaland\u0131rmak\u201d i\u00e7in de\u011fil, toplumu korku alt\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rejim i\u00e7in idam, bir \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisi\u201d arac\u0131.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0130nsanlar sokakta protesto etti\u011finde,<\/li>\n<li>Kad\u0131nlar \u201cJin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee\u201d dedi\u011finde,<\/li>\n<li>Ya da az\u0131nl\u0131klar (K\u00fcrt, Belu\u00e7, Ahvazl\u0131) hak istediklerinde,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">idamlar art\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc devlet, toplumun \u201citaat etmesi\u201d i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00f6lgesini s\u00fcrekli canl\u0131 tutmak istiyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti, hukuki sistemini \u015eeriat temeline dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, idam cezas\u0131 teolojik olarak \u201cme\u015fru\u201d g\u00f6steriliyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u201cM\u00fcrted\u201d (dinden d\u00f6nen),<\/li>\n<li>\u201cMuharib\u201d (Tanr\u0131\u2019ya sava\u015f a\u00e7an),<\/li>\n<li>\u201cFesad fi\u2019l-arz\u201d (yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bozgunculuk yapan) gibi su\u00e7lar, asl\u0131nda siyasi muhalefeti bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan dini etiketlerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yani burada din, siyasal bask\u0131y\u0131 kutsalla\u015ft\u0131rma arac\u0131 haline getiriliyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130damlar ayn\u0131 zamanda bir kolektif travma \u00fcretme arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zindanlarda, meydanlarda, gizlice ya da alenen yap\u0131lan infazlar, topluma \u015fu mesaj\u0131 verir: \u201cBak\u0131n, devlet sizi ya\u015fat\u0131r da, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr de.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu korku, insanlar\u0131n pasif kalmas\u0131n\u0131, birbirine g\u00fcvenmemesini sa\u011flar. Bu da totaliter rejimin istedi\u011fi \u015feydir: dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6lmesi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130ran, her y\u0131l d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok idam yapan \u00fclkelerinden biri (genellikle \u00c7in\u2019den sonra ikinci).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ancak bu idamlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc fakir insanlar \u00fczerindedir &#8211; \u00f6zellikle uyu\u015fturucu su\u00e7lar\u0131 bahane edilerek. Bu, hem s\u0131n\u0131fsal hem de etnik bir e\u015fitsizli\u011fin g\u00f6stergesi:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Belu\u00e7lar, K\u00fcrtler, Arablar gibi az\u0131nl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinde idam oran\u0131 merkez \u015fehirlerden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ne elde ediyorlar?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u0131sa vadede rejim \u015funlar\u0131 elde ediyor:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Korku yoluyla ge\u00e7ici istikrar,<\/li>\n<li>Muhalefetin sindirilmesi,<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya \u201cbiz h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fcz\u201d mesaj\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ama uzun vadede? Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her idam, biraz daha legitimasyon (me\u015fruiyet) kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00fcnya kamuoyu g\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u0130ran, adalet devleti de\u011fil, korku devleti olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130\u00e7eride de, idam edilen her gencin ard\u0131ndan yeni bir \u00f6fke ve direni\u015f duygusu do\u011fuyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Son 3 y\u0131la bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda idam say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Neden. \u0130dam edilen insanlar hangi su\u00e7larla su\u00e7lan\u0131yor?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130ran rejimi kendini \u201c\u0130lahi adaletin temsilcisi\u201d olarak sunar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu y\u00fczden \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131, sadece bir cezaland\u0131rma bi\u00e7imi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cdini otoritenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kan\u0131t\u0131\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rejim, idamlar\u0131 \u201c\u015feriat\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131\u201d olarak me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ama asl\u0131nda bu, teokratik me\u015fruiyetin yeniden \u00fcretilmesidir:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cBiz Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yasalar\u0131n\u0131 uyguluyoruz, bu y\u00fczden sorgulanamay\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130ran\u2019da yarg\u0131 sistemi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fildir; do\u011frudan dini liderin (Velayet-i Fakih) kontrol\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu nedenle mahkemeler genellikle:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Delilsiz yarg\u0131lama yapar,<\/li>\n<li>Avukata eri\u015fimi engeller,<\/li>\n<li>Zorla al\u0131nan itiraflara dayan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u201cadalet\u201d de\u011fil, rejim g\u00fcvenli\u011fi korunur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yani idam cezalar\u0131, rejim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u201ctemizlik operasyonu\u201d gibidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Her b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal veya ekonomik krizde (\u00f6rne\u011fin 2019 benzin protestolar\u0131, 2022 Mahsa Amini isyan\u0131, 2024 ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc), idamlar artar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rejim, halk\u0131n \u00f6fkesini bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u201c\u015fok ve korku politikas\u0131\u201d uygular.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130nfazlar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman sabah erken saatlerde yap\u0131l\u0131r ama hemen ard\u0131ndan devlet medyas\u0131nda duyurulur + mesaj nettir: \u201cDireni\u015fin sonu dara\u011fac\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130ran\u2019daki idamlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, fakir ve az\u0131nl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinden gelen insanlarad\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin Belu\u00e7lar, K\u00fcrtler, Ahvazl\u0131 Araplar).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uyu\u015fturucu su\u00e7lar\u0131 bahanesiyle yap\u0131lan bu infazlar asl\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve etnik temizlik niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rejim, bu kesimleri \u201ctehlikeli\u201d veya \u201ckontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d gruplar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130damlar, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya da bir sinyaldir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rejim, Bat\u0131\u2019dan gelen insan haklar\u0131 ele\u015ftirilerini \u201ci\u00e7 i\u015fimize kar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n\u201d diyerek reddeder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yani idam, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir egemenlik g\u00f6sterisidir: \u201cBiz kimseye hesap vermeyiz.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u0131sa vadede:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Korku ve sessizlik yaratmak,<\/li>\n<li>Muhalefeti bast\u0131rmak,<\/li>\n<li>Dini taban\u0131 konsolide etmek,<\/li>\n<li>Toplumu \u201citaat k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne\u201d hapsetmek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ama uzun vadede:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Toplumsal nefret,<\/li>\n<li>Uluslararas\u0131 yaln\u0131zl\u0131k,<\/li>\n<li>Ve i\u00e7eride me\u015fruiyet kayb\u0131 yarat\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Her idam, asl\u0131nda rejimin biraz daha zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor &#8211; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir sistem, art\u0131k fikirle de\u011fil, \u00f6l\u00fcmle ayakta kal\u0131yorsa, zaten kendi sonunu h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Son 10 ayda ne kadar insan idam edildi. Bunlar\u0131n y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 k\u00fcrt, y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 beluci, y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 farz. Yada ne dakar erkek ne kadar kad\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maalesef, kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k kaynaklarda \u201cson 10 y\u0131lda \u0130ran\u2019da idam edilenlerin tam say\u0131s\u0131, etnik k\u00f6kenlerine (Belu\u00e7, K\u00fcrt, Turk, Arab, Fars vs.) ve cinsiyetlerine g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201d konusunda g\u00fcvenilir ve eksiksiz veriler mevcut de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran, en az 975 ki\u015fiyi idam etmi\u015f durumda &#8211; bu rakam, kay\u0131tl\u0131 infazlar aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeylerden biri olarak verilmi\u015f.<\/li>\n<li>2023\u2019te ise en az 853 infaz bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>2023\u2019te infazlar\u0131n en az %56\u2019s\u0131 uyu\u015fturucu su\u00e7lar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>2023\u2019te infaz edilenlerin en az %20\u2019si Belu\u00e7 az\u0131nl\u0131k grubuna aittir &#8211; bu, Belu\u00e7lar\u0131n n\u00fcfustaki oranlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok fazla orant\u0131s\u0131z bir orand\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>2024 verilerine g\u00f6re kad\u0131n infazlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f; 2024\u2019te en az 31 kad\u0131n idam edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>2024\u2019te infaz edilenler aras\u0131nda Belu\u00e7lardan en az 108 ki\u015fi, K\u00fcrtlerden en az 84 ki\u015fi yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>2024\u2019te beyanlara g\u00f6re infazlar\u0131n %52\u2019si uyu\u015fturucu su\u00e7lar\u0131, %43\u2019\u00fc cinayet su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015f, kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 da cinsel su\u00e7lar ve ulusal g\u00fcvenlik su\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 su\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ran\u2019daki idamlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu resm\u00ee kaynaklarca a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131yor ya da detayl\u0131 etnik\/cinsiyet bilgisi verilmiyor.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemcileri verileri cezaevlerinden (mahkum dosyalar\u0131ndan) ya da medya kaynaklar\u0131ndan derliyor; bu da eksik ya da \u00e7eli\u015fkili bilgi riski do\u011furuyor.<\/li>\n<li>Etnik kimlik \u00e7o\u011fu zaman mahkeme kararlar\u0131nda ya da infaz duyurular\u0131nda belirtilmiyor; \u201ctesad\u00fcf\u00ee\u201d illerde infaz edilenler kimliksiz kategoride olabiliyor.<\/li>\n<li>Son 10 y\u0131lda on binlerce ki\u015fi idam edilmi\u015f olabilir (y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczler &#8211; binler aras\u0131 kay\u0131tlar).<\/li>\n<li>Belu\u00e7 ve K\u00fcrt gibi etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n oran\u0131, n\u00fcfustaki paylar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha fazla &#8211; \u00f6rne\u011fin 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda Belu\u00e7lar\u0131n infazlardaki oran\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %20 olarak bildirilmi\u015f.<\/li>\n<li>Cinsiyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan erkeklerin infaz edilme oran\u0131 \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek; kad\u0131n infaz vakalar\u0131 nadiren ve \u00f6zel durumlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak bildiriliyor (\u00f6rne\u011fin 2024\u2019te en az 31 kad\u0131n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">E\u011fer istersen, ben bu eksik noktalar\u0131 da vurgulayarak \u00f6zel y\u0131llar i\u00e7in &#8211; \u00f6rne\u011fin 2015\u20132025 aras\u0131 &#8211; m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en kapsaml\u0131 listeyi \u00e7\u0131kartmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131m, senin i\u00e7in bu tarz bir tablo ister misin?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00fcnda insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri bu idamlara kar\u015f\u0131 ne diyor. \u0130damlar\u0131n son bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kimlerin ne yapmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Harika bir soru &#8211; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran\u2019daki idamlar sadece \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 meselesi de\u011fil; k\u00fcresel insan haklar\u0131 d\u00fczeninin vicdan s\u0131nav\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>D\u00fcnyadaki insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri \u015fu anda ne yap\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130damlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten son bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kimlerin ne yapmas\u0131 gerekir?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (Amnesty International)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Her y\u0131l \u0130ran\u2019daki idamlar\u0131n detayl\u0131 raporunu yay\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cStop Executions in Iran\u201d adl\u0131 \u00f6zel kampanyay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ran y\u00f6netimine uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131 i\u00e7in BM ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi nezdinde lobi faaliyeti yap\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<li>Protestocular\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta su\u00e7lanan ki\u015filerin idam edilmemesi i\u00e7in acil eylem (urgent action) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Human Rights Watch (HRW)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0130ran yarg\u0131 sistemini belgeleyen raporlar yay\u0131ml\u0131yor; \u00f6zellikle \u201czorla itiraf\u201d, \u201cadil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali\u201d ve \u201cetnik ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d konular\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<li>Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi (ICC) veya BM \u00f6zel mekanizmalar\u0131na \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u201c\u0130ran \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d (Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Iran) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla infazlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak raporluyor.<\/li>\n<li>2023\u2019ten beri, \u00f6zellikle Mahsa Amini protestolar\u0131 sonras\u0131 idamlar i\u00e7in \u201culuslararas\u0131 soru\u015fturma misyonu\u201d (fact-finding mission) kuruldu.<\/li>\n<li>Ancak \u0130ran bu misyonun \u00fclkeye giri\u015fine izin vermiyor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130ranl\u0131 sivil \u00f6rg\u00fctler ve diasporalar<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Iran Human Rights (IHR) \u2013 Oslo merkezli \u0130ranl\u0131 bir STK, t\u00fcm infazlar\u0131 belgeleyip uluslararas\u0131 medyaya iletiyor.<\/li>\n<li>Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation \u2013 \u0130ran\u2019daki \u00f6l\u00fcm cezalar\u0131 ar\u015fivini dijital ortamda tutuyor, mahkumlar\u0131n isimlerini ve dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kaydediyor.<\/li>\n<li>Bu kurumlar sayesinde infazlar\u0131n en az\u0131ndan unutulmamas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0130damlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten son bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kimlerin ne yapmas\u0131 gerekir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Yasal reform: \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u0130slam Ceza Kanunu\u201d (Qanun-e Mojazat-e Islami) \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131 onlarca su\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130lk ad\u0131m, bu kanunun reforme edilmesi &#8211; \u00f6zellikle \u201cmoharebeh\u201d (Tanr\u0131\u2019ya sava\u015f a\u00e7mak) ve \u201cefsad fi\u2019l-arz\u201d (bozgunculuk) gibi belirsiz maddelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131: Yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 do\u011frudan dini liderin (Velayet-i Fakih) kontrol\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sivil toplum \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmadan izleme ve belgeleme yapabilmesi gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun bask\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>AB, Kanada, ABD gibi \u00fclkelerin hedefli yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulamas\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin idam emirlerini veren h\u00e2kimler ve istihbarat yetkililerine).<\/li>\n<li>BM Genel Kurulu\u2019nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131 moratoryum (ask\u0131ya alma) alt\u0131na almas\u0131 i\u00e7in siyasi bask\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Diplomatik ili\u015fkilerde ko\u015fulluluk: \u0130ran ile yap\u0131lan enerji, ticaret<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">bug\u00fcnlerde \u0130ran\u2019da idamlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli protestolar ve \u201cmoratoryum \/ ge\u00e7ici durma\u201d talepleri y\u00fckselmi\u015f durumda &#8211; tamamen \u201cidamlara son verildi\u201d gibi resmi bir karar yok ama halk, mahkumlar, insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve BM yetkilileri s\u0131k s\u0131k idamlar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 (moratoryum) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131yor. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00fcncel duruma dair baz\u0131 somut geli\u015fmeler:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc\/F\u0131rt\u0131nal\u0131 Protestolar ve Eylemler<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130ran\u2019daki cezaevlerinde haftan\u0131n belirli g\u00fcnlerinde a\u00e7l\u0131k grevleri ve protestolar yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle \u201cSal\u0131 g\u00fcnleri idamlara hay\u0131r\u201d kampanyas\u0131 (\u201cNo to Execution Tuesdays\u201d) ile mahk\u00fbmlar, politik mahkumlar ve toplum sivil cenah\u0131 idamlar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyor<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">BM ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Kurulu\u015fu talepleri<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Ofisi, \u00f6zellikle 2025\u2019in ilk yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki idam art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130ran\u2019a derhal idamlar\u0131 durdurma (moratoryum) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. \u00d6zellikle etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar, g\u00f6\u00e7menler ve siyasi muhaliflerin \u00fczerindeki uygulamalara dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Halk \/ Ailelerin Protestolar\u0131<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cezaevleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde ve toplum i\u00e7inde, infaz karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f ki\u015filerle ilgili aileler ve aktivistler protestolar d\u00fczenliyor; mitingler, bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ve sessiz g\u00f6sterilerle infazlar\u0131n iptalini istiyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Tahran\u2019daki Evin Hapishanesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u201c\u0130damlara hay\u0131r\u201d pankartlar\u0131yla protestolar oldu.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyu bask\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amnesty International, HRW gibi kurulu\u015flar ve baz\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler, \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik insan haklar\u0131 raporlar\u0131nda idamlara yer vererek, \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d ya da en az\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bask\u0131 olu\u015fturuyorlar. Ayr\u0131ca BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi oturumlar\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n idam politikas\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ele\u015ftiriliyor<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Talepler var, ancak \u0130ran hukuk sistemi ve yarg\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 bu taleplere resmi olarak yan\u0131t vermi\u015f de\u011fil ya da yaln\u0131zca baz\u0131 davalarda infazlar\u0131n ertelendi\u011fi, infaz kararlar\u0131n\u0131n iptal edildi\u011fi baz\u0131 \u00f6zel durumlar bildiriliyor.<\/li>\n<li>BM ve insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri bunu \u201cac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131kla reddedilen\u201d bir siyasi sorumluluk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti&#8217;ne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan toplumsal hareketlerin, partilerin, \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin ve t\u00fcm idam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sever \u0130ran halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirerek bask\u0131, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve idamlardan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kendi yeni toplumunu in\u015fa etmektir!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xwebun2.org\/rahmani-ji-bo-civake-bitirsine-mirovan-darve-dikin\/\">https:\/\/xwebun2.org\/rahmani-ji-bo-civake-bitirsine-mirovan-darve-dikin\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0626\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0626\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0626\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u00bb \u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u200c(\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648&#8230;) \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u200c(\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f2\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4)\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc 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\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f &#8211; \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06f8\u06f5\u06f3 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06f5\u06f6 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0686 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f &#8211; \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0686 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06f3\u06f1 \u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f8 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0686 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06f8\u06f4 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4\u060c \u06f5\u06f2\u066a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u060c \u06f4\u06f3\u066a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc\/\u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646) \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b 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\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u200c(HRW)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062a\u0628\u0639\u06cc\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u00bb \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u06cc (ICC) \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u200c(UN)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u00ab\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f3\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u00ab\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc\u00bb \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c(IHR) &#8211; \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062f &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632: \u00ab\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u00bb \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c(\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc) \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u00ab\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u00bb\u200c(\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0627) \u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u00bb\u200c(\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644: \u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u200c(\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0642\u06cc\u0647) \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647.\u200c(\u0628\u0647\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f)<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0642 (\u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0642) \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9: \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0627 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